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来源: 苏州工业园区海归人才子女学校 编辑:佚名
本文作者是苏州海归学校高中部升学指导老师谢老师。在加入海归前,他在北京清华附中担任升学与生涯教师,今年已经是他职业生涯的第11年。
在他多年的升学指导经验中,已将120多名学生送往世界各地的理想大学,如芝加哥大学、普林斯顿大学、康奈尔大学、麻省理工等。
谢老师硕士毕业于哈佛大学。作为一名**且充满热情的升学指导老师、一名对文化交融与冲突有过深切感悟的“老留学生”,谢老师的加入无疑为海归学子的升学之路提供了更多助力和保障。这个在学校开设的升学专栏,也许就是一个很好的开始。
学期伊始,专栏首篇,来听谢老师聊聊——英国UCAS申请文书的开头,要怎么写?
建议大家收藏文章,以便温习。
“UCAS文书要围绕于学术”,这个观点误导了一些同学文书的写作风格。这句话其实本身没错,因为英国文书就是主要描写学生对于某专业领域的兴趣,以及在相关学习经历中的成长和思考,体现学科理解深度。况且它是一篇文书对应多所学校,不是针对某一学校的情书,而是对多个目标的表白。这么看来是比较渣的,但这也是英国申请的特点。
本次我们来讨论一下文章如何开头。开头是**印象,好比生意开张的剪彩仪式。有吸引力的开头,会为我们的文章增色不少。
光讲道理没用,我们要拿证据说话。在总结道理前,我们先看几篇不同专业英国文书的开头,来参考一下他们是怎么写的。
以下我们将看到的所有文书,来自于《UCAS Personal Statement Guide》, 作者Rohan Agarwal为剑桥大学生理学教师,出版过超过75本关于录取考试以及面试的书籍。我们从案例中挑选的基本都是获得英国知名院校录取的学生文书。当然,大家不要认为录取就是靠这篇文书,尽管它比较重要。另一方面,即便一篇文章的作者获得了很好的录取,也不见得就是因为文书写得。没有录取牛剑,不代表文书没写到位,毕竟英国申请最为看重学术成绩。没有的文书,只有更好的文书。我们能做的,是针对性分析文书特点,将我们的文章改得更好。
范文分析Ⅰ :药学专业
一篇申请药学专业的文书开头:
Helping to care for children during work experience this summer at an HIV clinic has strengthened my determination to pursue a career in medicine. It was emotionally challenging to witness children suffering, but I was inspired by the tremendous efforts of the team to help improve the lives of their patients.
这个开头不是非常理想。从内容中,可看出作者说自己对医学的兴趣因为这次实习经历提升了,而并没有说明自己学医的初始动机来自于哪里。
再看另一篇,同样申请Medicine专业的文书:
“I haven’t eaten all day and I don’t know if I will last the night.” This is one of forty similar messages left within an hour on my house answering machine and was one of the first signs of my Grandma’s dementia. I began to read books on dementia as she deteriorated further which helped us cope with the challenges ahead. She has been diagnosed with Vascular Dimentia and our family has been in close contact with Primary Care and the community mental health team. I was moved by their compassion and unique work ethic, which motivated me to purse a career in Medicine.
从这开头段可看出,这个学生对药学的兴趣是源于其生活的。为了帮助亲人缓解病痛,他开始研究药学相关的知识。
有同学可能有疑问:这么写不是像小学生作文吗?“我家人生病,就从此立志从医。” 这个桥段有些小学生作文应该都用过,在UCAS文书这么写,会不会减分呢?
我们先看看,老外是怎么点评这个开头的:
“Excellent personal entry into the statement. Giving insight into what motivates the student to pursue a career in medicine is centrally important.”
“The strengths definitely lie in the personal touch with the motivation to study medicine.”
两个评价,对于这个开头都非常积极。并且在两个评语中,我们看到了重要的词——“personal”. UCAS文书是一篇personal statement,其次才是一篇学术兴趣论述。
这个开头之所以没有像小学生作文那样陈词滥调,是源于它朴实的口吻。作者并没有说因家人生病,自己就立大志向。比如做个好医生,或者做科学家攻克疑难杂症。他只是朴实的说“…motivated me to pursue a career in medicine.”这样就显得非常真实可信,并不尴尬。口气越大,往往越不真实。此外,文章首句提供的答录机的细节,也强化了经历的真实性。
范文分析Ⅱ:历史专业
我们再看两个历史专业的申请文书,看看它们的开头和以上展示的两个例子有何共性:
When recently asked to imagine a world without history, I found it difficult. For me there is nothing more relevant to understanding and explaining humanity than the study of history, and it has been something I have explored and enjoyed from an early age. At nine I remember being puzzled when my German friend visited and she was shocked by how much tea we drank. It hadn’t crossed my mind that her family didn’t as well, but upon investigation I found I’d stumbled upon a very British stereotype. My curiosity was aroused. It was a while before I discovered the East India Trading Company, and how their record imports of tea facilitated the birth of tea culture in Britain, but when I did I was fascinated.
作者讲了童年朋友来访,惊讶于自己家庭喝茶文化的经历,从而引出自己对历史的兴趣在于该学科对于人性和人类文化的研究。
点评中说道:
“The statement has a very honest, compelling opening. What makes this statement particularly interesting is the personal, anecdotal quality to it; this makes it stand out compared to all the other, more analytical, statements.”
这段内容依然很朴实,作者用一个很普通的童年经历,引出自己对于历史的兴趣。属于个人的经历都是无法复制的,也是每个作者都独有的。
相对的,我们再看一个评价并不好的开头:
History is a subject which has always fascinated me. In my opinion, History cannot be treated as a completely separate domain; it is closely linked to other subjects such as Politics, Economics, Geography, Sociology and Philosophy. For instance, one cannot discuss the causes of WW2 without taking into account the development of radical ideologies, the economic weakness of Germany, Stalin’s politics aiming to create a “buffer” of friendly states separating Russa from Europe etc.
很明显,我们无法从这个开头中看出来,作者的喜欢历史的动机是什么,他只是陈述了history has always fascinated me. 接下来,就是大段陈述“历史观”,像不像在做PPT陈述?
对于这个开头的点评,也指出了它的问题所在:
“The first paragraph is weak- it starts cliched and goes on to a list; this is not likely to fair well. It has no draw for the reader and does not really explain why history-rather than the other disciplines listed-interests the student.”
没有出彩的经历,如何写开头?
有同学可能说,我没遇到什么特别的、出彩的、激发我对某学科产生兴趣的经历。可能你的兴趣来自于潜移默化的影响,比如可能来自一系列、一段时期的学术经历的综合,或者是对很多专业权衡比较后的结果。或者很不幸,是家长让你选的,等等。
实在没具体故事写该怎么办呢?我们来看看这个开头:
For me medicine offers an academically and mentally challenging profession which amalgamates my fascination with the human body and my desire to work with a variety of individuals with their own individual problems on a day to day basis. It offers a chance to make a real difference to the lives of others.
作者使用概括性的方式,把自己对医学哪些方面感兴趣列举了出来:human body, desire to work with a variety of individuals。段落的核心依旧是“我的兴趣”,并没有偏离到“医学是什么”这个方面。而且,在最后一句话中,还提到了自己选择该专业的志向:make a real difference to the lives of others. 虽然我个人不太喜欢这种表达方法,这个开头也算是将“喜欢什么”和“未来志向”都表达出来了,可惜的是没有说明自己的“学习动机”。
此外,这个开头句实在太长了,整个**段才两句话,这个安排并不是很合理。
但值得一提的是,这篇文章之后的段落非常好,将开头的瑕疵补偿了,学生也获得了比较好的录取结果。如果你开头实在觉得困难,很难写得精彩,也不用过于担心,只要避免我们本文讲到的错误就可以。
回到这个话题,我们看一篇经济学的文章开头。如果你的专业兴趣源于校内科目学习,看看当兴趣源于学习时,该能怎么写开头。
My motivation to study economics actually came as a surprise, as I had expected the subject would be mainly concerned with acquiring money. However, from our first lesson I realized that economics is truly about maximizing the happiness of society. Good economists advocating politics which are just a fraction more effective can make positive differences to the lives of huge numbers of people. This is what excites me about economics, and constantly thinking in terms of economics has become second nature to me…..
这个开头非常不错。为何经济学有趣呢?因为它打破了作者对于经济学的刻板印象——原以为它只跟赚钱有关。动机源于好奇心,非常不错。接着作者通过引入自己上课学到的知识,继续表达了自己对学科的兴趣。
最为重要的,是作者用的两个看起来普通,但传达意思很重要的短语:
…..from our first lesson I realized that economics is truly……
……This is what excites me about economics…….
经济学是个*罗万象的学科,很难用一句话来概括它。作者通过两个表达个人理解和兴趣的短语,解释清楚了“自己”作为个体,对该学科的兴趣。既简洁,又客观谦虚,值得我们学习。
再看一个经济学的:
My interest in economics has grown out of two diverse sources. One the one hand, an international perspective and a critical attitude to global issues is my lucky inheritance, given my mother’s engagement in international media and my father’s interest in Latin American culture....On the other hand, from an early age I enjoyed the benefits of having an aptitude for mathematics and the pleasure of abstract problem solving…….
说说优点。**,动机描述很简洁:My interest in economics has grown out of…. 第二,比较personal,从自己的家庭环境影响,以及自己对数学的兴趣两方面描述,进行了融合。
缺点有一个,开头用了一个“陈词滥调”—from an early age. 用中文讲,就是这孩子打小聪明。模糊的时间节点,一方面不真实,一方面太多人这么写了。如果作者可以把它换成在数学课上产生的兴趣,就更为好。
总结
开头方法很多种,但核心要回答的问题只有两个:
1. 你为什么要选择这个学科?——这个学科是什么?
2. 你的动机源自何处?——个人经历?家庭环境?课后思考?一本书?
开头常见问题:
1. 学科科普,介绍这个学科是什么。你不是百科全书,招生官没准懂得比你多。
2. 陈词滥调:用from an early age/ a young age, 讲自己打小就感兴趣。
3. 只描述兴趣,不描述动机。可以简单到一句话的事,没多少字。
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